Facial lines and wrinkles

Ageing skin droops and develops wrinkles, lines and furrows. The severity of these changes in an individual depends on genetic tendency, skin phototype and exposure to environmental factors.

Dermatologists and cosmetic surgeons often use Glogau's classification when describing these ageing changes.

Mild – Few wrinkles, requires little or no make-up for coverage
Moderate – Early wrinkling, sallow complexion, requires little makeup
Advanced – Persistent wrinkling, skin discolouration with broken blood vessels and solar keratoses, often wears make-up.

Severe – Severe wrinkling and furrows, solar keratoses, often wears make-up but it may not hide the ageing change.

How do facial lines and wrinkles form?

Facial lines and wrinkles (rhytides) form because of the following factors:

• Ageing processes
• Sun damage
• Muscle movement
• Gravity
• Injury
• Surgery
• Acne
• Other skin diseases with a tendency to scar (e.g. discoid lupus)
• Smoking

There is often a degree of asymmetry to the lines, as people tend to smile or frown more on one side than the other, or consistently sleep on the right or the left cheek.

Furrows
Deeper lines or furrows are classified as dynamic or static. Dynamic lines appear with movement i.e. the activity of facial muscles. Static lines are unchanged with muscle movement. Eventually dynamic lines become static.

• Crow's feet around the eyes are due to smiling and activity of the eyelid muscles (orbicularis oculi).
• Worry lines on the forehead are due to contraction of the frontalis muscle when raising the eyebrows
• Frown lines between the eyebrows are due to contraction of corrugator supercilii muscles and procerus muscle when concentrating or angry .

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